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	<title>Flirten &#8211; psychologie-lernen.de</title>
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	<title>Flirten &#8211; psychologie-lernen.de</title>
	<link>https://psychologie-lernen.de</link>
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	<item>
		<title>Die Macht der Situation &#8211; Wovon sich Menschen im Alltag manipulieren lassen</title>
		<link>https://psychologie-lernen.de/2017/01/22/die-macht-der-situation-wovon-sich-menschen-im-alltag-manipulieren-lassen/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 22 Jan 2017 11:27:51 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Beeinflussung]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gedankenlesen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kommunikationspsychologie]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sozialpsychologie]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wirtschaftspsychologie]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Aussehen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dating]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Flirten]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Manipulation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Überzeugen]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://psychologie-lernen.de/?p=12762</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Obwohl wir uns gerne als stabile Persönlichkeit wahrnehmen, lassen wir uns in vielen Situationen von Umgebungseinflüssen manipulieren. Manchmal reicht schon ein lieblicher Duft oder eine angenehme Melodie und schon tun wir Dinge, die wir unter "normalen" Umständen nicht getan hätten. Was bewegt Menschen zu grausamen Taten? Wodurch lässt sich Hilfsbereitschaft steigern?  [...]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 hundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling" style="--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-overflow:visible;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;" ><div class="fusion-builder-row fusion-row"><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last fusion-column-no-min-height" style="--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy"><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-1"><div class="fusion-video fusion-youtube" style="--awb-max-width:769px;--awb-max-height:431px;"><div class="video-shortcode"><div class="fluid-width-video-wrapper" style="padding-top:56.05%;" ><iframe title="YouTube video player 1" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/CM4izozoV9U?wmode=transparent&autoplay=0" width="769" height="431" allowfullscreen allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture;"></iframe></div></div></div>
</div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last" style="--awb-bg-size:cover;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy"><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last" style="--awb-bg-size:cover;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy"><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-2"><p>Obwohl wir uns gerne als stabile Persönlichkeit wahrnehmen, lassen wir uns in vielen Situationen von Umgebungseinflüssen manipulieren.<br />
Manchmal reicht schon ein lieblicher Duft oder eine angenehme Melodie und schon tun wir Dinge, die wir unter &#8220;normalen&#8221; Umständen nicht getan hätten.<br />
Was bewegt Menschen zu grausamen Taten?<br />
Wodurch lässt sich Hilfsbereitschaft steigern?<br />
Was lässt Menschen mehr Geld ausgeben?<br />
Wann ist der richtige Zeitpunkt zum Flirten?<br />
Die Antworten auf derartige Fragen liefern zahlreiche wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen, die von dem bekannten Psychologen Eskil Burck unterhaltsam und leicht verständlich aufbereitet wurden.</p>
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Mehr Dates durch Berührung?</title>
		<link>https://psychologie-lernen.de/2016/08/12/mehr-dates-durch-beruehrung/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Aug 2016 08:06:15 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Beeinflussung]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Liebe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sozialpsychologie]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dating]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Flirten]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nonverbale Kommunikation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Psycholoogie]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://psychologie-lernen.de/?p=12631</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Sollte man eine Frau leicht am Arm berühren, wenn man sie um ein Date bittet? Französische Forscher beauftragten einen männlichen Komplizen Frauen entweder in der Disco ("Willst Du tanzen?") oder auf der Straße anzusprechen ("Gibst du mir Deine Telefonnummer?"). Machte es einen Unterschied, wenn man die Frauen leicht am Arm berührte?    [...]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 hundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling" style="--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-overflow:visible;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;" ><div class="fusion-builder-row fusion-row"><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last fusion-column-no-min-height" style="--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy"><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-3"><p><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/WzumhCRpzX0" width="766" height="431" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></p>
</div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last" style="--awb-padding-top:10px;--awb-padding-right:10px;--awb-padding-bottom:10px;--awb-padding-left:10px;--awb-bg-color:#3d3d3d;--awb-bg-color-hover:#3d3d3d;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-margin-top:-16px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy"><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-4"><p>Sollte man eine Frau leicht am Arm berühren, wenn man sie um ein Date bittet?<br />
Französische Forscher beauftragten einen männlichen Komplizen Frauen entweder in der Disco (&#8220;Willst Du tanzen?&#8221;) oder auf der Straße anzusprechen (&#8220;Gibst du mir Deine Telefonnummer?&#8221;). Machte es einen Unterschied, wenn man die Frauen leicht am Arm berührte?</p>
</div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last fusion-column-no-min-height" style="--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy"><div class="fusion-sep-clear"></div><div class="fusion-separator fusion-has-icon fusion-full-width-sep" style="margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:22px;margin-bottom:0px;width:100%;"><div class="fusion-separator-border sep-shadow" style="--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;background:radial-gradient(ellipse at 50% -50% , #3e3e3e 0px, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 80%) repeat scroll 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);background:-webkit-radial-gradient(ellipse at 50% -50% , #3e3e3e 0px, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 80%) repeat scroll 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);background:-moz-radial-gradient(ellipse at 50% -50% , #3e3e3e 0px, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 80%) repeat scroll 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);background:-o-radial-gradient(ellipse at 50% -50% , #3e3e3e 0px, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 80%) repeat scroll 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"></div><span class="icon-wrapper" style="border-color:#3e3e3e;background-color:#dd9933;font-size:14px;width: 1.75em; height: 1.75em;border-width:1px;padding:1px;"><i class=" fa fa-book" style="font-size: inherit;color:#3e3e3e;" aria-hidden="true"></i></span><div class="fusion-separator-border sep-shadow" style="--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;background:radial-gradient(ellipse at 50% -50% , #3e3e3e 0px, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 80%) repeat scroll 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);background:-webkit-radial-gradient(ellipse at 50% -50% , #3e3e3e 0px, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 80%) repeat scroll 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);background:-moz-radial-gradient(ellipse at 50% -50% , #3e3e3e 0px, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 80%) repeat scroll 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);background:-o-radial-gradient(ellipse at 50% -50% , #3e3e3e 0px, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 80%) repeat scroll 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"></div></div><div class="fusion-sep-clear"></div><div class="fusion-clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last" style="--awb-padding-top:10px;--awb-padding-right:10px;--awb-padding-bottom:10px;--awb-padding-left:10px;--awb-bg-color:#3d3d3d;--awb-bg-color-hover:#3d3d3d;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-border-color:#dd9933;--awb-border-top:1px;--awb-border-style:solid;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy"><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-5"><p><strong>Literatur</strong></p>
<p>Blackwell, P. L. (2000). The influence of touch on childdevelopment: Implications for intervention.Infantsand Young Children,13(1), 25–39.</p>
<p>Brockner, J., Pressman, B., Cabitt, J., &amp; Moran, P. (1982). Nonverbal intimacy,sex, and compliance: A field study. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior,6, 253–258.</p>
<p>Alagna,  F.,  Whitcher,  S.,  Fisher,  J.,  &amp;  Wicas,  E.  (1979).  Evaluative  reaction  to  interpersonal  touch  in  acounseling interview. Journal of  Counseling Psychology, 26,465-472.</p>
<p>Bacorn, C., &amp; Dixon, D. (1984). The effects of touch on depressed and vocationally undecided clients. Journal of  Counseling Psychology, 31,488-49.</p>
<p>Camps, J., Tuteleers, C., Stouten, J., Nelissen, J. (2013). A situational touch: How touch affects people’s decision behavior. Social Influence, DOI:10.1080/15534510.2012.719479</p>
<p>Coan, J. A., Schaefer, H. S., &amp; Davidson, R. J. (2006).  Lending a hand: Social regulation of the neural  response  to  threat.  Psychological  Science ,  17 (12),  1032 – 1039.  doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01832.x</p>
<p>Crusco, A &amp; Wetzel, C (1984). The midas touch: The effects of interpersonal touch on restaurant tipping. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 10,512-517.</p>
<p>Doliński, D. (2010). Touch, compliance, and homophobia. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 34, 179-192.</p>
<p>Dariusz Dolinski (2013). Male homophobia, touch, and compliance: A matter of the touched, not the toucher. Polish Psychological Bulletin. Band 44, Heft 4, Seiten 457–461, ISSN (Print) 0079-2993, DOI: 10.2478/ppb-2013-0051, December 2013.</p>
<p>Durana, C. (1998). The use of touch in psychotherapy: Ethical and clinical guidelines. Pychotherapy, 35,269-280.</p>
<p>Eaton, M., Mitchell-Bonair, I,. &amp; Friedmann, E. (1986). The effect of touch on nutritional intake of chronic organic brain syndrome patients. Journal of  Gerontology, 41,611-616.</p>
<p>Ebesu Hubbard, A. S., Tsuji, A., Williams, C., &amp; Seatriz, V. (2003). Effects of touch on gratuities received insame-gender and cross-gender dyads. Journal of  Applied Social Psychology, 33(11),2427-2438.</p>
<p>Erceau, D., Guéguen, N., 2007. Tactile contact and evaluation of the toucher. Journal of Social Psychology 147, 441–444.</p>
<p>Field, T. (1999). Preschoolers in America are touched less and are more aggressive than preschoolers in France. Early Childhood Development and Care, 151,11-17.</p>
<p>Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Diego, M., Schanberg, S., Kuhn, C., 2005. Cortisol decreases and serotonin and dopamine increase following massage therapy. International Journal of Neuroscience 115, 1397–1413.</p>
<p>Goldman, M., &amp; Fordyce, J. (1983). Prosocial behavior as affected by eye contact, touch, andvoice expression.The Journal of Social Psychology,121, 125–129</p>
<p>Godin,  G.,  Sheeran,  P.,  Conner,  M.,  &amp;  Germain,  M.  (2008).  Asking  questions  changes  behavior:  mere measurement effects on frequency of blood donation. Health Psychology, 27,179-184.</p>
<p>Guéguen, N., &amp; Jacob, C. (2005). The Effect of touch on tipping: An evaluation in a French’s bar. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 24,295-299.</p>
<p>Guéguen,  N.,  (2001a).  Toucher  et  soumission  à  une  requête  :  Réplications  expérimentales  en  situationnaturelle et évaluation de l’impact du statut. Revue Internationale de Psychologie Sociale, 14,113-158.</p>
<p>Guéguen, N. (2001b). L’effet d’influence du toucher sur le comportement du consommateur: 2 illustrationsexpérimentales en extérieur. Direction et Gestion: La Revue des Sciences de Gestion, 190-191,123-132.</p>
<p>Guéguen, N. (2002). Touch, awareness of touch and compliance to a request. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 95,355-360.</p>
<p>Guéguen, N. (2002). Status, apparel and touch: Their joint effects on compliance to a request. North AmericanJournal of  Psychology, 4,279-286.</p>
<p>Gueguen, N. (2004). Nonverbal encouragement of participation in a course: The effect of touching. Social Psychology of Education,7,89-98.doi:10.1023/B:SPOE.0000010691.30834.14</p>
<p>Guéguen, N. (2007). The effect of a man’s touch on woman’s compliance to a request in a courtship context. Social Influence,2, 81–97.</p>
<p>Gueguen, N., &amp; Fischer-Loku, J. (2002). An evaluation of touch on a large  request:  A field setting. Psychological Reports,90(1), 267–269.doi:10.2466/PR0.90.1.267-269.</p>
<p>Gueguen, N., and Fischer-Lokou, J. (2003). Tactile contact and spontaneous help: An evaluation in a natural setting. Journal of Social Psychology,143, 785-787.</p>
<p>Guéguen, N., &amp; Jacob, C. (2005). The Effect of touch on tipping: An evaluation in a French’s bar. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 24,295-299.</p>
<p>Guéguen, N., &amp; Jacob, C. (2006). The effect of tactile stimulation on the purchasing behaviour of consumers: An experimental study in natural setting. International Journal of Management, 23, 24-33.</p>
<p>Guéguen, N., Jacob, C., &amp; Boulbry, G. (2007). Server’s suggestion and tactile contact: An evaluation in a restaurant.International Journal of  Hospitality Management, 26,1019-1023.</p>
<p>Guéguen, N., &amp; Joule, R. V. (2008). L’effet d’influence du toucher sur la soumission à des requêtes: Uneméta-analyse. Cahiers Internationaux de Psychologie Sociale, 80,39-58.</p>
<p>Guéguen, N.  &amp; Vion, M. (2009). The Effect of practitioner’s touch on patient’s medication compliance: An evaluation in a natural setting. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 14,689-694.</p>
<p>Holt-Lunstad, J., Birmingham, W. A., &amp; Light, K. C.(2008). Influence of a“warm touch”support enhance-ment intervention among married couples on ambu-latory blood pressure, oxytocin, alpha amylase, andcortisol. Psychosomatic  Medicine,70,  976–985.doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e318187aef7</p>
<p>Hornik, J. (1987). The effect of touch and gaze upon compliance and interest of interviewees. The Journal of Social Psychology, 127,681-683.</p>
<p>Hornik, J. (1992a). Effects of physical contact on customers’ shopping time and behavior. Marketing Letters,3,49-55.</p>
<p>Hornik, J. (1992b). Tactile stimulation and consumer response. Journal of Consumer Research, 19,449-458.</p>
<p>Hornik, J., &amp; Ellis, S. (1988). Strategies to secure compliance for a mall intercept interview. Public OpinionQuarterly, 52,539-551.</p>
<p>Hou WH1, Chiang PT, Hsu TY, Chiu SY, Yen YC. (2010). Treatment effects of massage therapy in depressed people: a meta-analysis. 2010 jul;71(7):894-901. doi: 10.4088/jcp.09r05009blu. epub 2010 mar 23.</p>
<p>Hubble, M., Noble, F., &amp; Robinson, S. (1981). The effect of counselor touch in an initial counseling session. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 28,533-535.</p>
<p>Jourard, S. (1966). An exploratory study of body accessibility. British Journal of  Social and Clinical Psychology, 5,221-231. Journal of  Articles in Support of  the Null Hypothesis.JASNH, 2011, Vol. 8, No. 18</p>
<p>Kaufman, D., &amp; Mahoney, J. M. (1999). The effect of waitress touch on alcohol consumption in dyads. Journal of Social Psychology, 139,261-267.</p>
<p>Joule, R.V., Guéguen, N., 2007. Touch, compliance, and awareness of tactile contact.Perceptual and Motor Skills 104, 581–588.</p>
<p>Kleinke, C. (1977). Compliance to requests made by gazing and touching experimenters in field settings. Journal of  Experimental Social Psychology, 13,218-223.</p>
<p>Leonard JA, Berkowitz T, Shusterman A. (2014). The effect of friendly touch on delay-of-gratification in preschool children. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2014;67(11):2123-33. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2014.907325. Epub 2014 Apr 22.</p>
<p>Lynn, M., Le, J. M., &amp; Sherwyn, D. (1998). Reach out and touch your customers. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 39,60-65.</p>
<p>Moore, M. M. (2002). Courtship communication and perception.Perceptual and Motor Skills,94, 97–105.</p>
<p>Moore, M. M. (1985). Nonverbal patterns in women: Context and consequences. Ethology andSociobiology,6, 237–247.</p>
<p>Moore, M. M., &amp; Butler, D. L. (1989). Predictive aspects on nonverbal courtship behavior inwomen.Semiotica,3, 201–214</p>
<p>Nannberg, J., &amp; Hansen, C. (1994). Post-compliance touch: An incentive for task performance. The Journal of  Social Psychology, 134,301-307.</p>
<p>Paulsell, S., &amp; Goldman, M. (1984). The effect of touching different body areas on prosocial behavior. The Journal of  Social Psychology, 122,269-273.</p>
<p>Patterson, M. L., Powell, J. L., &amp; Lenihan, M. G. (1986). Touch, compliance, and interpersonal affect. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior,10(1), 41–50.doi:10.1007/BF00987204.</p>
<p>Patterson, M.L., and Manusov, V.L. (2006). The SAGE handbook ofnonverbal communication. Book Academic Collection, SagePublication.</p>
<p>Pattison, J. (1973). Effects of touch on self-exploration and the therapeutic relationship. Journal of  Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 40,170-175.</p>
<p>Powell, J.L., Meil, W., Patterson, M.L., Chouinard, E.F. (1994). Effects of timing of touch on compliance to a request. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 9, 153-162.</p>
<p>Scafidi F, Field T, Schanberg SM, et al. Effects of tactile/kinesthetic stimulation and sleep/wake behavior of preterm neonates.  Infant Behav Dev 1986;9:91-105.</p>
<p>Segrin,  C.  (1993).  The  effects  of  nonverbal  behavior  on  outcomes  of  compliance  gaining  attempts. Communication Studies, 44,169-187.</p>
<p>Smith, D., Gier, J., &amp; Willis, F. (1982). Interpersonal touch and compliance with a marketing request. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 3,35-38.</p>
<p>Stephen,  R.,  &amp;  Zweigenhaft,  R.  (1986).  The  effect  on  tipping  of  a  waitress  touching  male  and  female customers. The Journal of Social Psychology, 126,141-142.</p>
<p>Stockwell, S., &amp; Dye, A. (1980). Effects of counselor touch on counseling outcome. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 27,443-446.</p>
<p>Willis, F.N., Hamm, H.K. (1980). The use of interpersonal touch insecuring compliance. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 5, 49-55.</p>
<p>Wheldall ,  K. ,  Bevan ,  K .  &amp;  Shortall ,  K .  (1986) .  A  touch  of  reinforcement :  The  effects of  contingent  teacher  touch  on  the  classroom  behaviour  of  young  children.  Educational Review,  38 ,  207-216.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Kann uns Musik hilfsbereiter machen und beim Flirten helfen?</title>
		<link>https://psychologie-lernen.de/2016/03/01/kann-uns-musik-hilfsbereiter-machen-und-beim-flirten-helfen/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 01 Mar 2016 20:35:13 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Beeinflussung]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Musik]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sozialpsychologie]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Flirten]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gehirn]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hilfsbereitschaft]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Musikwissenschaft]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pick up]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Psychologie]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://psychologie-lernen.de/?p=12067</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Musik kann nicht nur dazu benutzt werden, unser Konsumverhalten zu beeinflussen. Zum Glück hat Musik noch eine weitere - weitaus wertvollere - Wirkung: Musik kann Menschen zusammenführen. Sei es, indem sie Menschen hilfsbereiter macht (z.B. Fried &amp; Berkowitz, 1979) oder empfänglicher für romantische Annäherungsversuche (Jacob,  Guéguen &amp; Boulbry, 2010). Aber welche Musik ist  [...]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 hundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling" style="--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-overflow:visible;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;" ><div class="fusion-builder-row fusion-row"><div class="fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-7 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last fusion-column-no-min-height" style="--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;"><div class="fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy"><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-6"><p><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/nMbj1H5hFTs" width="760" height="428" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe></p>
</div><div class="fusion-sep-clear"></div><div class="fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep" style="margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:10px;width:100%;"></div><div class="fusion-sep-clear"></div><div class="fusion-text fusion-text-7"><p>Musik kann nicht nur dazu benutzt werden, unser Konsumverhalten zu beeinflussen. Zum Glück hat Musik noch eine weitere &#8211; weitaus wertvollere &#8211; Wirkung:</p>
<p>Musik kann Menschen zusammenführen. Sei es, indem sie Menschen hilfsbereiter macht (z.B. Fried &amp; Berkowitz, 1979) oder empfänglicher für romantische Annäherungsversuche (Jacob,  Guéguen &amp; Boulbry, 2010).</p>
<p>Aber welche Musik ist besonders effektiv? Reicht es schon aus, eine bestimmte Stimmung auszulösen oder spielt auch der Songtext (die &#8220;Message&#8221;) eine Rolle?</p>
<hr />
<p><strong><em>Keywords:</em> </strong>Psychologie &#8211; Musik &#8211; Beeinflussung &#8211; Hilfsbereitschaft &#8211; Flirten &#8211; Sozialpsychologie &#8211; romantische Musik &#8211; Trinkgeld &#8211; Kellnerin &#8211; prosoziale Musik</p>
<hr />
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><strong><u><span style="font-family: Palatino Linotype;">Besprochene Studien:<br />
</span></u></strong></span><br />
<a href="http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=4&amp;cad=rja&amp;uact=8&amp;ved=0CFcQFjAD&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwestallen.typepad.com%2Ffiles%2Ffried-jappsocpsych-1979.pdf&amp;ei=Io5HU6cCi5GzBrDBgIAJ&amp;usg=AFQjCNGxHE7hARu5rOJIQyO-jqxCHHoncA&amp;sig2=o-wMrgx67BRPB7Ot2PSUrA" target="_new">Fried, R., &amp; Berkowitz, L.  (1979).  Music hath charms&#8230;and can influence helpfulness.  Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 9, 199-208.</a></p>
<p>&#8211; Versuchspersonen: 80 Studenten (40 Frauen, 40 Männer)<br />
&#8211; Coverstory: &#8220;Es geht um den Effekt von Musik auf die Stimmung.&#8221;<br />
&#8211; Die Probanden wurden auf 4 Versuchsbedingungen verteilt:<br />
a) wohltuend/beruhigende Musik<br />
b) stimulierende Musik<br />
c) aversive Musik<br />
d) keine Musik<br />
&#8211; Nach dem Experiment wurden Sie von der Versuchsleiterin um Unterstützung gebeten. Ihr Professor mute ihr viel zu viel Arbeit zu und sie müsse noch Versuchspersonen für ein weiteres Experiment rekrutieren. Jegliche Unterstützung zwischen 15 min. und 2 Stunden wäre sehr hilfreich&#8230;</p>
<p>Ergebnisse:</p>
<p>&#8211; Jene Probanden, die wohltuende/beruhigende Musik gehört hatten, zeigten die größte Hilfsbereitschaft.</p>
<hr />
<p><span style="color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><strong> </strong></span></span></p>
<p><a href="http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=2&amp;cad=rja&amp;uact=8&amp;ved=0CEQQFjAB&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwestallen.typepad.com%2Ffiles%2Fnorth-envirbehav-2004.pdf&amp;ei=v6g9U9GTIYqTtAa0nYCwAQ&amp;usg=AFQjCNHeus1fcgdyl3b4Xsn3ogU1yHV1VQ&amp;sig2=w_mxkLgPpD3hDljD50oMdA&amp;bvm=bv.64125504,d.Yms" target="_new">North, A.C., Tarrant, M., Hargreaves, D.J., 2004. <strong>The effects of music on helping behaviour: a field study.</strong> Environment and Behavior 36, 266–275.</a></p>
<p>&#8211; Versuchspersonen: 646 Besucher zweier Fitnessstudios<br />
&#8211; Während ihres Aufenthalts lief im Hintergrund Musik:<br />
a) &#8220;uplifting&#8221; (Britische Top-20 -&gt; Gute Laune)<br />
b) &#8220;annoying&#8221; (Avantgarde Computer Musik -&gt; Schlechte Laune)</p>
<p>Vor Verlassen des Studios wurde ihnen ein Flyer des Britischen Verbands behinderter Sportler gegeben, in dem um Mithilfe bei der Verteilung von Flugblättern gebeten wurde. Wer helfen möchte, solle sich bitte für einen Termin eintragen und angeben wieviele Flugblätter er verteilen möchte (50, 100, 150, 200, 250).</p>
<p>Ergebnisse:<br />
&#8211; Bei Guter-Laune-Musik gab es eine deutlich höhere Bereitschaft zu helfen.</p>
<p>Kritik:<br />
&#8211; vielleicht war auch der Versuchsleiter bei unangenehmer Musik genervt.<br />
&#8211; Pygmalion Effekt?</p>
<hr />
<p><a href="http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=1&amp;cad=rja&amp;uact=8&amp;ved=0CC4QFjAA&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fnicolas.gueguen.free.fr%2FArticles%2FIJHM2010.pdf&amp;ei=T6g9U7b6EsSdtQbXhIH4Cw&amp;usg=AFQjCNGTZZC6oNXgTGBJ3buO-b82xTW_sw&amp;sig2=pokuxRT8gGE0MJljPdqXvw&amp;bvm=bv.64125504,d.Yms" target="_new"><br />
Jacob,  C.,  Guéguen,  N.,  &amp;  Boulbry,  G.  (2010).  <strong>Effects  of  songs  with  prosocial  lyrics  on  tipping  behaviour  in  a  restaurant.</strong>  International  Journal  of  Hospitality  Management,  29,  761-763.  </a></p>
<p>&#8211; Versuchspersonen: 786 Gäste eines Restaurants (Frankreich)<br />
&#8211; Über einen Zeitraum von 6 Wochen wurde in dem Restaurant unterschiedliche Musik gespielt:<br />
a) prosoziale Songs<br />
b) neutrale Songs<br />
c) die üblichen Songs (baseline)<br />
&#8211; Forschungsfrage: Hatte die Musik einen Effekt auf das vergebene Trinkgeld?</p>
<p>Ergebnisse:<br />
&#8211; Bei Hintergrundmusik mit prosozialen Songtexten, gaben die Gäste mehr Trinkgeld.</p>
<hr />
<p><span style="color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><strong> </strong></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color: black;"> </span><a href="http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=3&amp;cad=rja&amp;uact=8&amp;ved=0CEsQFjAC&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fnicolas.gueguen.free.fr%2FArticles%2FPsyMusic2010.PDF&amp;ei=_6U9U5bhLsattAaP2YCIAQ&amp;usg=AFQjCNGeijqmww-LhGDZiW7HQHh32jueTQ&amp;sig2=dy39ujcTZefgcZoxrI8SRQ&amp;bvm=bv.64125504,d.Yms" target="_new">Gueguen., N., Jacob, C., &amp; Lamy, L. (2010). <strong>‘‘Love is in the air’’: Effects of songs with romantic lyrics on compliance to a courtship request</strong>. Psychology of Music, 38, 303–307.</a></p>
<p>&#8211; Versuchspersonen: 87 Studentinnen (Durchschnittsalter: 18,7 Jahre; Beziehungsstatus: Single)<br />
&#8211; Während der Wartezeit vor dem Experiment hörten die Studentinnen eins von zwei unterschiedlichen Musikstücken<br />
a) Romantischer Song (&#8220;Je l’aime à mourir&#8221;)<br />
b) Neutraler Song (&#8220;L’heure du thé&#8221;)<br />
Während einer vermeintlichen Pause des Experiments wurde die Probandin von einem männlichen Versuchsteilnehmer (Verbündeter des Versuchsleiters) um ihre Telefonnummer gebeten.<br />
&#8211; Wichtig: &#8220;The confederate was unaware of the aim of the study&#8221;</p>
<p>Ergebnisse:<br />
&#8211; Nach romantischer Musik, waren die Probandinnen im Durchschnitt bereitwilliger ihre Telefonnummer weiterzugeben.</p>
<hr />
<p><strong><br />
Literatur: </strong></p>
<p>Adenskaya, L. (2011). Can Perfume Increase The Response Rate  To A Face-To-Face Survey? International Business &amp; Economics Research Journal.</p>
<p>Anderson, C. A., Carnagey, N. L., &amp; Eubanks J. (2003). Exposure to violent media: The effects of songs with violent lyrics on aggressive thoughts and feelings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 960-971.</p>
<p>Areni,  C.S.,  &amp;  Kim,  D.(1993)  The  influence  of  background  music  on  shopping  bahavior:   Classical versus top-forty music in a wine store.  Advances in cosumer research, 20,   336-340</p>
<p>Di Muro, F., Murray, K. B., 2012. An Arousal Regulation Explanation of Mood Effects on Consumer Choice. Journal of Consumer Research, 39 (October), 574-84.</p>
<p>Fried, R., &amp; Berkowitz, L.  (1979).  Music hath charms&#8230;and can influence helpfulness.  Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 9, 199-208.</p>
<p>Guéguen N, Le Guellec H, Jacob C. (2004). Sound level of background music and alcohol consumption: an empirical evaluation. Percept Mot Skills. 2004 Aug;99(1):34-8.</p>
<p>Gueguen., N., Jacob, C., &amp; Lamy, L. (2010). ‘‘Love is in the air’’: Effects of songs with romantic lyrics on compliance to a courtship request.Psychology of Music, 38, 303–307.</p>
<p>Gorn,G.J. (1982).The  effects  of  music  in  advertising on  choice  behavior:  A  classical   conditioning approach. Journal of Marketing, 46, 94-101.</p>
<p>Greitemeyer,  T.  (2009).  Effects  of  songs  with  prosocial  lyrics  on  prosocial  thoughts,  affect,  and  behaviour.  Journal  of  Experimental  Social  Psychology,  45,  186-190.  doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2008.08.003</p>
<p>Greitemeyer,  T.  (2009b).  Effects  of  songs  with  prosocial  lyrics on prosocial behaviour: Further evidence and a  mediating mechanism. Personality and Social Psychology  Bulletin,  35(11),  1500-1511.  doi:10.1177/0146167209341648</p>
<p>Greitemeyer, T. (2011). Exposure to music with prosocial lyrics reduces aggression: First evidence and test of the underlying mechanism. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 28-36.</p>
<p>Greitemeyer, T., &amp; Schwab, A. (in press). Employing music exposure to reduce prejudice and discrimination. Aggressive Behavior.</p>
<p>Jacob, C. (2006) Styles of background music and consumption in a bar: An empirical evaluation. International Journal of Hospitality Management 25:4, 716-720</p>
<p>Jacob,  C.,  Guégen,  N.,  &amp;  Boulbry,  G.  (2010).  Effects  of  songs  with  prosocial  lyrics  on  tipping  behaviour  in  a  restaurant.  International  Journal  of  Hospitality  Management,  29,  761-763. doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2010.02.004</p>
<p>Jacob, C., Guéguen, N., Boulbry, G., Selmi, S., 2009. Love is in the air: congruency between background music and goods in a flower shop. International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research 19, 75–79.</p>
<p>Le Guellec, H., Guéguen, N., Jacob, C., Pascual, A., 2007. Cartoon music in a candy store: a field experiment. Psychological Reports 100, 1255–1258.</p>
<p>North A. C. The effect of background music on the taste of wine. British Journal of Psychology. 2012;103:293–301. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.2011.02072.x.</p>
<p>North  A.  (1996).  Response  to  Music  in  a  Dining  Area.  Journal  of  Applied  social   Psychology, 26</p>
<p>McElrea, H., &amp; Standing, F. (1992). Fast music causes fast drinking. Perceptual &amp; Motor  Skills, 75, 362.</p>
<p>North A.  &amp;  D.J. Hargreaves  (1998).  The  effect  of  music  in  Atmosphere  and  purchase   Intention in a Cafeteria. Journal of Applied social Psychology, 28.</p>
<p>North  A.  (1997).  Liking,  Arousal  Potential  and  the  emotions  expressed  by  Music.  Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 38</p>
<p>North, A.C., Hargreaves, D.J., and McKendrick, J. (1999). The effect of music on in-store wine selections. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 271-276.</p>
<p>North A. (2006). Effect of Time and Timbre of background music. Journal of Applied  social  Psychology, 20</p>
<p>North  A.  (2004).  The  Effect  of  music  and  Voice  Fit  on  responses  to  advertisement.  Journal of Applied social Psychology, 34.</p>
<p>North,  A.C.,  Shilcock,  A.,  and  Hargreaves,  D.J.  (2003).  The  effect  of  musical  style  on  restaurant  customers’  spending. Environment and Behavior, 35(5), 712-718.</p>
<p>North, A.C., Tarrant, M., Hargreaves, D.J., 2004. The effects of music on helping behaviour: a field study. Environment and Behavior 36, 266–275.</p>
<p>Roballey, T.C.  (1985).  The effect of music on eating behavior. Bulletin of The Psychonomic Society, 23, 221-222.</p>
<p>Wilson, S. (2003). The effect of music on perceivedatmosphere and purchase intentions in a restaurant. Psychology  of Music, 31, 93-109.</p>
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